Each trailer and semitrailer must have rear impact guards (bumpers) or other devices that prevent another vehicle from riding underneath, except for tractors, pole trailers, and driveaway–towaway vehicles. Rear-impact guards on certain trailers manufactured on or after January 26, 1998, must be permanently marked or labeled and meet standards in 49 CFR Sections 571.223 and 571.224.
See 49 CFR 393.86 for complete regulations and exceptions regarding rear-end protection.